并行工程方法在生产准备工作中的应用研究

本文在分析并行工程的基本理论方法和传统生产准备工作的各个阶段存在问题的基础上,提出了在航空企业生产准备工作中实施并行工程的基本方案。文中的实际案例表明了该方案的实用性。     

补气活血中药和力竭游泳对大鼠不同类型肌纤维LDH及其同功酶的影响

观察了服用和未服用补气活血中药的大鼠负重力竭游泳后血清、白肌、红肌和心肌中LDH及其同功酶谱的变化 结果显示 :服药运动鼠红肌和心肌LDH活性显著高于未服药运动鼠 ;红肌LDH1 和白肌LDH5也显著高于后者 提示 :补气活血中药不仅能提高运动机体白肌无氧酵解供能能力 ,而且能增强心肌和红肌利用和清除乳酸的能力     

大学章程的历史回溯与思考

大学章程是高等学校依法自主办学和实施管理的基本准则,也是调整学校内外部责权关系的重要依据,更是一所高校理念、精神、文化的总概括。据此,探讨大学章程的科学制定是必须而必要的。本研究通过回顾国内外大学章程的发展历程,剖析大学章程制定中存在的问题与困境,从充分彰显学校特色、充分体现大学的办学自主权、应有前瞻性和可操作性、应引入责任追究制度和解决争议制度四个层面提出大学章程的制定路径。     

庭前会议制度的实施难题与解决方案

2013年《刑事诉讼法》第182条第2款和最高法院的《解释》规定了庭前会议制度的主要内容,但尚有一些欠缺之处。在司法实践中,庭前会议应当由庭审人员主持,控辩双方同时参与。启动方式以法官主动决定为主、依申请决定为辅。解决的问题应当包括明确争点和整理证据。审判人员对于程序问题应当在会议结束后开庭前作出决定,该决定原则上具有效力。对于涉及实体的问题则不得作出任何决定,也不会产生任何效力。     

合金组合物权利要求保护范围的界定及评述方法

本文主要讨论了在合金组合物领域包含性能、参数、用途或制备方法特征的产品权利要求保护范围的界定原则,以及对在评述中如何判定是否隐含特定结构和/或组成进行了辨析。     

News and Comment

Using personal narratives and research on teacher “communities of practice,” the authors outline a proactive response to high-stakes testing policies that places teacher learning at its center. Although research on the effects of these policies is mixed, the authors are troubled by the ways in which the policies have been used to strip teachers of their autonomy and the erosion of the value placed on their professional knowledge. The authors—who have both taught in urban schools where students had to pass high-stakes social studies tests to graduate—argue that teachers must work together to reclaim their role as leaders in response to the policies. They provide key questions that social studies teachers can use to guide an inquiry into the tests themselves and suggest ways to use the knowledge gained to better serve their students’ learning and raise test scores.     

Preparation for practice: embedding the development of professional identity within social work curriculum

Newly qualified social workers often enter challenging interdisciplinary settings where they need to be able to clearly articulate a distinctive professional identity. To prepare for these realities, this paper discusses how the development of professional identity has become increasingly central to qualifying social work curriculum at an Australian university. Preparation for social work practice has long been the focus of research in a number of countries, with a significant emphasis on knowledge and skill acquisition, rather than on the development of an overarching professional identity that is also underpinned by shared values and sense of professional purpose and expectations. Against this backdrop, the paper describes initial changes that have been made within core social work courses to progressively embed the development of professional identity more consciously across their studies, to be better prepared for contemporary challenges in the workplace. It is concluded that further changes are needed to fully transform the curriculum, and that the impacts of these changes be systematically evaluated in relation to preparedness for practice.     

升学准备:促进中学生学校适应的重要途径

学校适应是学生通过积极的身心调整和学校环境相互作用,顺利完成学业、发展个性、实现学校教育目的的过程。学校适应得好坏对中学生成长的影响较为巨大。研究发现,我国中学生学校适应性总体水平一般。虽然当前学术界对影响中学生学校适应的因素进行了大量的研究,也得出了一些切实的结论,但是对于引起这些问题的深层原因并没有涉及。笔者认为小学生升学准备不足是导致中学生表现出各种外显问题的深层原因,并有针对性地提出了促进小学生升学准备的建议。     

Do Preparation for Bias and Cultural Socialization Protect Against Discrimination for Transracially Adopted Adolescents?

This study of transracially adopted adolescents and their White parents examines the role of two types of parental racial socialization, preparation for bias and cultural socialization, in protecting adoptees from the impact of discrimination. Sixty-six transracially adopted adolescent–parent dyads in the United States completed an online questionnaire. Preparation for bias, and not cultural socialization, protected transracial adoptees from discrimination-related stress, in particular when experiencing high levels of racism. The importance of parents talking to their transracially adopted adolescents about racism and how to cope with it and the value of researchers examining types of racial socialization separately as opposed to broadly are discussed.     

大国可持续发展的一个重大难题——从农业防灾减灾到环境、资源、生态与经济社会的协调发展

防灾减灾是大国控制环境污染和生态破坏加剧、减少灾害损失的重要途径 ;是大国合理开发、有效保护并持续利用资源的补救条件。积极防灾减灾要抓住三个基本环节 ,即建设林业生态体系、建立资源节约型经济体系和实施资源保护环境战略